order to understand the paradigmatic axis allow us to carry out the exercise of management in different environments, it is necessary to address the debate between modernity, postmodernity and transmodernity, in order to know the most important features of these philosophical concepts that define an era periodization paradigm or worldview.
Modernity Modernity has its starting point around 1500, with the birth of the global capitalist system from the emergence of colonial empires (Portugal, Spain, Great Britain), covers the history of capitalism in different phases: competitive, monopolistic, global. (Ballina, 2005, p. 221).
Mechanism is a philosophical doctrine born in the seventeenth century as a focus of scientific research of Galileo, Huygens, Boyle, Descartes, among others. It is the doctrine that all natural reality has a structure comparable to that of a machine, and therefore can be explained this way.
Since reality is similar to a machine, the investigator will know to the extent that studies the constituent parts and the laws governing the material, the bodies and the forces present there. If the investigator is aware of the conditions of the bodies and the laws governing the movement, then it is possible to know anything because the principle of causality the warrants. This principle states that knowing the quantities related con las cosas, el curso posterior es determinable, y se puede aplicar a cualquier proceso o situación. Bajo esta óptica causas iguales conducen a efectos similares, a esto se le conoce como determinismo. (Fidel y Morales, 2008, p.53)
René Descarte fue uno de sus principales exponentes de esta doctrina filosófica. Este filósofo, matemático y científico francés es considerado como el Pionero de la Filosofía Moderna y el creador de la noción de sujeto. Creó el método del pensamiento analítico, que consiste en desmenuzar los fenómenos complejos en partes para comprender desde las propiedades el funcionamiento del todo, incluidos los organismos vivos, eran una máquina que podía be fully understood by analyzing their smaller parts. Thinking
Mechanistic Features: materialism, determinism, reductionism.
Postmodernism
The concept of postmodernism in a category that does not easily match philosophers, historians, sociologists, among others. It is a concept that cuts across disciplines and talks about something new, a big paradigm shift, therefore, may become for some, vague and controversial, multidimensional, while others can become an intellectual fashion or ideological terrain.
The starting point for some thinkers of postmodernism is the crisis of modernity, globalization, technology, virtualization, information society, the great cultural changes, political, economic and social, or the collapse of the paradigms traditionally taken as true or valid. (Lanz, 2001, pp. 24,25)
Systems theory and its development will support the different approaches of postmodernism. In the late eighteenth century began to question the whole logic mechanistic. Organicism, see the behavior of an organism as an integrated whole that can not be understood only from the study of its parts. Such organicism
turns over twentieth-century systems theory which postulates that "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts." This sum of the parts come "emergent properties" that did not exist at lower levels of complexity, and therefore can not use the Cartesian analytical method for understanding systems, but rather the properties of the parts can only be known and understood from the whole organization.
current clinical thinking, with all its ramifications, is legitimated and comes from the discoveries in quantum physics by scientists such as Heisenberg, Bohr and Einstein. Ludwig Von Bertalanffy also questioned the method scientific problems in biology, because it was based on a mechanistic and causal, which made him weak as a framework for the explanation of the major problems that occur in living systems.
The Transmodernity
The term "postmodern" emerged as a way of witnessing a situation I wanted to express what was to modernity. This term was not well received among many authors and expressing that modernity had produced historic achievements that were indispensable, step by modernity had been final and conclusive for humanity, and this could not be ignore.
Amid this and other debates on postmodernism, English philosopher Rosa María Rodríguez Magda was circulated Transmodernity concept first in 1989 in his book Saturn's smile. Towards a trans-modern theory. The term arose during a conversation with Jean Baudrillard in 1987. At the time
"postmodern" -. The new technology of communication caused a gradual thinning of the real and the virtual growth. The role of simulation and hyperreality has become one of the significant stages of our lives. And that means the entry into a new era of human history for which we have no precedent.
The fact that this time comes after the modern age has laid attention to the word "postmodern", but time has made it clear that this can not be an "anything goes" now prevailing in many parts of the world of society, who have fallen into anomie and chaos. We must regain the reins of the target that once marked the Enlightenment: the liberation of man's ancestral ties in search of autonomy leading to the triumph of liberty, equality and solidarity, but the achievement of these ideals classic corrections should be done by overriding: the desire for justice, rationality, democracy, accountability, must adapt to each person and each situation by applying the difference principle that guarantees human dignity in each individual case.
The "transmodernity" shares the view of leaving the "big stories", but without giving up the theory, history, justice, autonomy of the subject is a purpose to take on postmodern criticism, bringing modernity beyond them, in search of a new paradigm. From this point of view, Rodríguez Magda goes through the major issues that the XXI century has become urgent.
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